Nuclear Energy and aerospace propulsion involve high heat fluxes from power generation resulting in extreme temperatures.
Thermo-mechanical modeling aims to deal with both, thermal shocks and longer term effects, for example the management of thermal fluxes through the structure and heat sinks. The difficulty is compounded by the fact that operating conditions involve not only elevated temperature levels but frequently also severe temperature gradients.
Final components can be a combination of air, water or Helium cooling with CFC and metallic materials.
